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PREPARATION OF PLANS 901 General Procedure a) All plans such as Index plans, Index sections, yard plans etc. shall be prepared in accordance with the provisions in the following chapters of the Indian Railways Code for the Engineering Department (1993). Chapter II - "Modes of Investigations of Railway Projects". Chapter IV- "Engineering Surveys -Reconnaissance, Preliminary and Final Location Surveys". Chapter V - "Engineering Survey - Project Report, Techno Economic Survey Report and Feasibility Report." Reference may be made to IS:696-1972 'Code of Practice for General Engineering and to special publication SP46-1988 issued by Bureau of Indian Standards for engineering drawing practice. b) Wherever drawings are prepared in computer compatible media, adequate care shall be exercised in maintaining back-up copies and installing security systems. c) Standard drawings shall not be departed from without the specific permission of the Chief Engineer. d) When part of the work has to be done to a standard plan or to an existing drawing, the fact should be so stated; such drawings need not be reproduced. If part of the information necessary has to be supplied by the Chief Engineer's office or by an officer of another Department, the Divisional Engineer should obtain and incorporate the details on the drawings. e) In general, all plans will be initiated at the Divisional level [open line or construction, as appropriate]. Chief Engineer (Open line) will drawings will be approved at the Divisional level and which are to be sent to the Chief Engineer (Open line or Construction) for approval. Original tracings* of drawings approved by a Division will be retained at the Divisional office with sufficient number of copies sent to the Chief Engineer's office for record and for correction of master plans. In respect of drawings to be approved by the Chief .Engineer's office, the Divisional Engineer will prepare the tracing and send it to the Chief Engineer with copies marked "preliminary". When the Chief Engineer has approved the tracing, the required number of copies will be taken and sent to the Division. Original tracing in such cases will be kept in the Chief Engineer's office. f) Additions and alterations to an existing plan should be shown in red. Such additions and alterations will be approved by the authority who approved the original plan. When the additions and alterations are approved by the Division, copies will be sent to the Chief Engineer's office. After additions and alterations are approved, the original tracings will be corrected by the office where they are preserved. g) All drawings should be quoted by their number along with their alteration no. (e.g.NR. H.Q.E. PLAN NO. LKO/10/09-93/R1) in the estimates and in the covering letters accompanying the estimates and in all correspondence relating thereto. h) Reference of sanction particulars such as Works Programme item number should be shown in the plan. 902 Plans for Other Departments a) The Divisional Engineer may, at his discretion, prepare sketch plans for other Departments or other Government Departments, or for private parties. Detailed plans should be prepared when there is a likelihood of the schemes proposed being sanctioned or when the charges for preparation of plans and estimates have been deposited. b) When preparing plans, the Divisional Engineer should obtain complete details from other departments. He should arrange for the plans to be signed by the representative of the department concerned or the private party in token of approval and acceptance. The terms "tracing" includes drawings/ documents which are capable of being reproduced. 903 Sizes of Drawings a) Sizes of the trimmed sheets of all drawings, except yard plans, should be as given in Table 9.1. All plans required to be of longer length will be in the form of a roll, keeping the width as specified. The size to be used would depend on the extent of details required; broad guidelines are indicated in Table 9.1.
b) Depending on the size of a yard, yard plans should be prepared in the trimmed widths of 841 mm or 420 mm or 210 mm. The length of the yard plans should not be more than 1189 mm when they are not intended to be kept as a roll. Yard plans can be in parts, if necessary, maintaining the scale for the drawing. c) Borders enclosed by the edges of the trimmed sheet and the frame limiting the drawing space shall be as detailed in BIS: SP - 46-1988 and shown in Annexure 9.1. d) A standard arrangement of drawing layout will ensure that all necessary information is included and its essential part is located easily. The title block should be placed at the bottom right hand corner. Folding marks must be made on the drawing sheet as shown in figures 1 (a) to 1 (d) of Annexure 9.2 904 Titles and Numbering of Drawings- a) Title block should be of size 170 mm x 65 mm as shown in Annexure 9.1. Following basic information should be given in the title block.
1) NAME OF THE RAILWAY 3) NAME OF WORK 4) REFERENCE TO SANCTION PARTICULARS 5) SCALE OF DRAWING AND REFERENCE TO STANDARD DRAWING, IF ANY 6) DRAWING NUMBER 7) COMPLETION DRAWING NUMBER 8) DATED INITIALS OF THE CONCERNED OFFICIALS 9) ALTERATIONS, IF ANY, WITH FULL PARTICULARS b) Multiple drawing sheets marked with the same number should be indicated by means of a sequential sheet number on the total number of sheets in the following manner Sheet No. = n/p Where n = sheet number and c) If a drawing cancels a previous one, a note to this effect and the number of cancelled drawing should be recorded on the drawing. Correspondingly, the cancelled drawing should have an appropriate endorsement. d) In the case of land plans or plans where other Railways or Organisations are concerned, additional space should be provided for their signatures. In cases involving organisations other than the Railways, the designations should be written in full. e) All signatures on tracings should be in indelible ink and dated. f) Every plan should bear in small letters at the lower left hand corner the name and initials of the Draftsman and Tracer who prepared and checked the plan. The Head Draftsman should initial below the space provided for the Divisional/District Engineer's signature. 905 Scale of Drawings a) All drawings except sketch plans should be drawn to scale. The scale or scales of a drawing should be indicated at the appropriate place in the title block. Where different scales are used for details, the corresponding scales should be shown under each relevant detail. b) Plans should be prepared to scales as specified in Chapter IV of the Indian Railways Code for Engineering Department (1993Edition). c) Details that are too small for complete dimensioning in the main representation shall be shown adjacent to the main representation in a separate detail view or section which is drawn to a larger scale. Recommended scales for details are 1:2,1:5,1:10,1:20 and 1:50. 906 Details on Drawing a) The following information should, when
applicable, be shown ii) The names of the nearest junctions or terminals stations, that on the left hand being the one from which the kilometrage starts. iii) The kilometrage from headquarters of the railway to the centre of the station, the kilometrage of all junction points, the zero of all branch lines, the centre of a station, junction point and zero of any line, when once adopted for any 'yard' or portion of the line, shall be a permanent mark for all future references and shall not vary with additions, alterations, or remodelling of yards. iv) The original centre line of the railway together with its chainages. v) The boundaries of land according to the land plans. Where it does not unduly interfere with important details of the plan, side widths from the centre line and boundary posts (and desirably their numbers) should be shown. vi) Any known bench mark with the datum from which its value has been reckoned. vii) The degree, redius, total angle of deflection and the tangent points of all curves on the line, both on the plan and in the longitudinal section. Beginning and end of transitions together with their lengths should also be shown. viii) All gradients, together with the distance from which the level or gradient extends out of station. ix) All borrow pits, rivers and pipelines, streams, sullage and sewer drains together with their direction of flow. For rivers their names and the highest known flood levels must be given.
x) Temples, mosques and graves, roads and footpaths with the names of
towns or villages they lead to. xii) In the case of foundations, the nature of the soil as determined from trial pit, and bore log details. xiii) The clear length of all inspection pits, capacity of weigh-bridges in tonnes; diameter of turntables; capacity of high level tanks and of ground tanks; diameter and depth of all wells whether for drinking or for loco use; diameter of water columns, hydrants, taps, main and subsidiary pipe lines; the clear lengths and sizes of drains and sewers and storm-water drains; location of septic tanks. xiv) The length and capacity in terms of vehicles of sidings; position of fouling marks and buffer stops; distance, centre to centre of tracks; distance of all the facing points on the main line from the centre of station; the serial numbers of the turnouts; the angles of crossings; inclination of gathering lines; the distance from the centre of station of all signals, signal cabins with their distinguishing feature, signals being shown as viewed by the Driver and with their bases at the sites they occupy; lengths of passenger and goods platforms and their heights above rail level; telegraph posts and crossings of tele-communication and power lines over head or underground. xv) Road crossings with their class and location; road over bridges and underbridges; xvi) Infringements of standard dimensions, if any.
b) Drawing for a structure including building should be prepared in three parts : ii) Architectural and/or General Layout drawing iii) Structural and/or execution drawing. In case of small buildings, all these parts can be included in one sheet but-placed distinctly. The site plan can be separate or part of an existing general plan. Site plans for new quarters should include the type drawing numbers and show the north line and direction of prevailing wind. The Architectural drawing should normally include ground plan, section through the building in such directions as are necessary to exhibit the intended form and dimensions of the various parts, and elevation of one or more faces. It should invariably indicate the number of floors for which the foundation of the building is designed. It should also include roof drainage arrangement, sanitary details, layout of bathrooms and layout of kitchen. Details of finishing items and specification should also be indicated in the Architectural drawing in the form of a note. Landscaping and developmental work involved must also be shown. The structural drawing will indicate foundation plan, details of R.C.C. members and a bar bending schedule as per standard I.S. bar bending specification. c) The drawings for a bridge should include the site plan, plan and longitudinal section of the river or nala above and below the proposed site in the case of large bridges being rebuilt on account of insufficient waterway or being built at a new site and a sufficient number of cross sections showing highest flood level. If a correct survey of an important river does not exist, the river should be surveyed for a distance of 8 km upstream and 2 km down stream, all spill channels upstream being shown on the plan; these distances of 8 km and 2km are to be taken as measured at right angles to the centre line of the Railway and not along the course of the river. On these drawings, notes should be made of area of flood sections and hydraulic mean depths for each case, catchment area, velocity obtained by calculation and by experiments (preferably at high flood ), waterway through bridge proposed to be allowed with a note on increase in velocity and probable highest flood level due to afflux, ground plan of foundations, sections through the bridge in such directions as are necessary to show the intended form and dimensions of the various parts, front and side elevation of abutments and piers, and drawings of such details as have not been standardised. The standard of loading for which the bridge is designed should be recorded in the plan and reference to the type drawing of the particular girder should also be recorded. d) Plans of water supply, pumping, storage and distribution systems should show complete dimensions and details including reduced level of salient points. The lines should be drawn in thicker lines than the rest of the plan and only sufficient buildings (with their designations) and tracks shown as are necessary to make the purpose and location of pipe-lines understood. e) Plans of drains and sewerage should show complete dimensions and details with sufficient features of the site including gradient and reduced level of salient points. f) The set of drawings should be complete so as to enable the work being executed as per the specifications and standards desired. 907 Symbols and Colours on Drawings a) Symbols to be used on site plans and plans of station yards should conform to BIS code SP46-1988. For other commonly accepted abbreviations and symbols, table 19.1 of BIS code SP46-1988 may be referred to. (reproduced in Annexure 9.3 for ready reference). b) For clarification of drawings it is sometimes necessary to shade some members/parts of members for which sections are drawn. In such cases, colour washing/ shading in broad line may be done on the back of the tracing for the affected area. c) In regard to black and coloured lines on tracings and prints, the following conventions should be observed : i) Existing work that is to remain should be in full line; ii) Work that is to be dismantled should be in thin clotted lines; iii) New additional work should be in full red lines. This does not apply to a drawing in which all the work is new; iv) New additional work that is not to be done at the same time as the bulk of the work shown on the drawing should be in broken red lines. This does not apply to a drawing in which all the work is new; v) Work to be relaid or rebuilt elsewhere on the same plan should be in full yellow lines. d) When desirable to do so, coloured lines may also be used to distinguish tracks of different railways at junctions, M.G. or N.G. from B.G. tracks and buildings of different railways. If this is done, the colour used should be distinctly different from those mentioned above. e) The following colours will print clearly on ferro-paper:
Black .. Indian ink
Standard drawings issued by the RDSO such as for track and bridges and the Track Manual Drawings, shall not be traced. Copies as required should be obtained or Standard drawings should be carefully filed in each office separately from other drawings and a record thereof maintained. 909 Plans issued by the Chief Engineer's Office Copies/Prints of plans issued by the Chief Engineer's office should be carefully maintained and recorded; copies as required may be obtained. 910 Plans in Divisions/Dy. Chief Engineer's, Assistant Engineer's and Section Engineer's offices: a) The Divisional/Executive Engineers and Assistant Engineers should be in possession of a set of each of the Standard Drawings, type plans, and station yard plans, land plans, plans and longitudinal sections of the line, track diagrams, plans of bridges and other structures and plans of water supply and drainage as pertain to their jurisdiction. Plans in their custody should be carefully stored. They shall ensure that the Section Engineer of Permanent Way, Works & Bridge are in possession of necessary plans as pertain to their jurisdiction and to works. b) Plans need revision as and when renewals are carried out and additions or alterations are made. Every endeavour should be made to keep the track diagrams and plans, particularly of station yards and colonies, up-to-date and the Chief Engineer's office kept advised with details. When alterations are extensive and cannot be shown on an existing plan, a fresh plan should be prepared. 911 Completion Drawings a) Signed copies should be submitted by Assistant Engineer or the Engineer responsible to the Divisional/Dy. Chief Engineer for works completed to the approved drawings. These should indicate the work as actually carried out, special care being taken that the work below ground is correctly shown and nature of soils met with recorded. Alterations or modifications which may have been made from the working plans should be marked on the prints in red ink. When several structures are erected at the same time in the same locality and to the same drawings, one completion drawing may be submitted. If the structures or buildings differ only in foundations, the completion drawing should show the superstructure common to all, and separately the foundations of each building, designated in such a way that the separate foundation drawings can be identified with the different buildings. b) The Divisional/Dy. Chief Engineers should prepare fresh tracings if the alterations are numerous, showing the works as actually built. Such tracings will have "completion drawing number" stencilled in red letters in the space provided in Title Block and Divisional Engineer's signature appended thereto. If minor alterations have been made, the original tracing may be amended in the Divisional/Executive Engineer's office and marked "completion drawing". c) In case of drawings approved at the divisional level, the original tracing of completion drawing will be kept at the divisional office with sufficient number of copies endorsed to Chief Engineer for record and incorporation in master plan. In case of drawings approved by the Chief Engineer, the "Completion drawing" prepared by the division will be sent to the Chief Engineer for incorporating in the original tracing marking the same as "completion drawing". d) The completion drawing of a bridge should show, in addition to all dimensions, the following - i) Reduced level of rails. ii) Reduced level of bed blocks or crown and springing of arch or underside of slabs. iii) Reduced levels of top and bottom of founds. If on piles or wells, reduced level of bottom should be given and complete drawings showing the strata passed through with details of any tests made. iv) Nature of soil. When possible without undue labour and expense, these levels should be connected to a permanent bench mark, but where this is not readily available, the reduced level as given in the longitudinal section should be taken as correct. In all cases, a note must be added stating from where the datum level has been obtained. 912 Care and Filing of Tracing a) Tracing shall not be used for reference as they are likely to get lost or damaged. Required number of prints should be supplied to Engineers and Inspectors; each particular project file should contain a print of the works relating to it. b) Tracing should not be folded. Should it be necessary to send a tracing from one on ice 10 another, ii shall be roiled and inserted in a cardboard cylinder.
c) Prints should be folded as indicated in para 903(d) above. Two methods of folding are shown in Annexure 9.2A & 9.2B. When prints are rolled for despatch, they should be rolled with the title head outwards. Storage drawers should have placards on the outside indicating the contents in each. The plans should be stored flat in shallow drawers of convenient dimensions. Probability of damage by moths or white ants should be guarded against. e) Wherever found convenient The Chief Engineer can put the original records/drawings on microfilm or they may be computerised for future records.
Source :SP 46-1988
ANNEXURE9.3
ABBREVIATIONS 1. Scope - This section covers such of the abbreviations which are recommended for use in general engineering drawings. Abbreviations already covered in specific subjects, such as units and quantities, tolerancing, gears, fluid power, electrical and electronics are not dealt in this section. 2. Enclosed Table lists some of the common abbreviations recommended. Abbreviations are the same both for singular and plural usage. Only capital letters are used for abbreviations to ensure maintenance of legibility bearing in mind reproduction and reduction process. Abbreviations which have already been standardized nationally/ internationally using lower case letters should, however, be written according to the corresponding standard. 2.1 When using abbreviations and symbols in engineering drawings, the following points are to be borne in mind. a) They should be used sparingly only when space saving in a drawing is essential. b) Short words such as 'day', 'unit', 'time', etc. should preferably be written in full, even when an abbreviation has been standardized. c) Periods (full stop symbol) are not to be used except where the abbreviation marks a work (for example, No; FIG.) d) For hyphenated words, abbreviations are to be with the hyphen. e) Sometimes one and the small letter symbol may represent more than one term or quantity. Hence it is advisable not to use such symbols to mean two different terms in one and the same drawing. If it becomes unavoidable, the symbols may be provided with suitable sub script. RECOMMENDED ABBREVIATIONS
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